south african surname origins

The racially mixed genealogical origins of many so-called "white" South Africans have been traced to interracial unions at the Cape between the European occupying population and imported Asian and African slaves, the indigenous Khoi and San, and their vari-hued offspring. It also meant the apartheid government could no longer link apartheid and its purported legitimacy to the protection of Christian values and civilisation in the face of the rooi gevaar, meaning "red danger" or the threat of communism. During the early-1990s, Poqo was renamed Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA). [99] The widening search for gold and other resources were financed by the wealth produced and the practical experience gained at Kimberley. 'The significance of the Cape trade route to economic activity in the Cape Colony: a medium-term business cycle analysis', European Review of Economic History, 14 (2010), pp. Magombo Swahili, African, Swazi (Rare) Meaning unknown, possibly related from the fore name of the same name. [147] When the war ended, the OB was one of the anti-parliamentary groups absorbed into the National Party.[148][149]. Ross, Robert, Anne Kelk Mager and Bill Nasson, eds. Tau m Southern African, Tswana, Sotho. (2014). On 23 October 1984 the UN Security Council endorsed this formal determination. [59] Annexation also precipitated a war between British colonial forces and the indigenous Xhosa nation in 1850, in the eastern coastal region.[60]. [citation needed] Smuts was invited to the Imperial War Cabinet in 1939 as the most senior South African in favour of war. It has been described as one of the most important paleontological discoveries in modern times. The Dutch East India Company (in the Dutch of the day: Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, or VOC) decided to establish a permanent settlement at the Cape in 1652. [83] The British then set about establishing large sugar plantations in the area today named KwaZulu-Natal Province. Since then, the African National Congress has governed South Africa, in an alliance with the South African Communist Party and the Congress of South African Trade Unions. The language law caused friction, distrust and dissatisfaction. [67] Members of this mixed-race community formed the core of what was to become the Griqua people. When he did not pay the fine in full, a battle broke out on the Berea Plateau in 1852, where the British suffered heavy losses. [175][176], In early-November 1975, immediately after Portugal granted independence to its former African colony of Angola, civil war broke out between the rival UNITA and MPLA movements. The commission charged by agents was the same as the payment for one slave, thus those settlers only claiming for one slave would receive nothing. [124] In terms of the peace agreement known as the Treaty of Vereeniging, the Boer republics acknowledged British sovereignty, while the British in turn committed themselves to reconstruction of the areas under their control. Meanwhile, 34-year-old South African pacer Shabnim Ismail not only took three wickets but also registered her name in record books by bowling the fastest ball in women's cricket. [155], From 1948, successive National Party administrations formalised and extended the existing system of racial discrimination and denial of human rights into the legal system of apartheid,[156] which lasted until 1991. This has been interpreted as the earliest example ever discovered of abstract art or symbolic art created by Homo sapiens. Philip's intention was for the Griquas to protect the missionary station there against banditti in the region, and as a bulwark against the northward movement of white settlers from the Cape Colony. Lwando Southern African. Rubinstein, W. D. (2004). The death penalty was abolished, land reform and redistribution policies were introduced, and equitable labour laws legislated. The cash-strapped post-apartheid government was obliged to repay this debt or else face a credit downgrading by foreign financial institutions. Popular South African Surnames and Meanings Abara - This surname is of Igbo origin and it means "spirit." Adebisi - The meaning of this last name is "the king" and it is of Yoruba origin. [110], Of the leading 25 foreign industrialists who were instrumental in opening up deep level mining operations at the Witwatersrand gold fields, 15 were Jewish, 11 of the total were from Germany or Austria, and nine of that latter category were also Jewish. By the late 1700s, the Cape Colony population had grown to include a large number of mixed-race so-called "coloureds" who were the offspring of extensive interracial relations between male Dutch settlers, Khoikhoi females, and female slaves imported from Dutch colonies in the East. [32] In 1805, the British inherited the Cape as a prize during the Napoleonic Wars,[24] again seizing the Cape from the French controlled Kingdom of Holland which had replaced the Batavian Republic.[33]. The war is notable for several particularly bloody battles, including an overwhelming victory by the Zulu at the Battle of Isandlwana, as well as for being a landmark in the timeline of imperialism in the region. Van Riebeeck considered it impolitic to enslave the local Khoi and San aboriginals, so the VOC began to import large numbers of slaves, primarily from the Dutch colonies in Indonesia. After the country's first multiracial democratic elections in 1994, a number of terrorist bomb blasts were linked to the AWB. [146] The anti-semitic Boerenasie (Boer Nation) and other similar groups soon joined them. Similarly, schools, justice and trade up to the arrival of the British, were all managed in the Dutch language. [240][241], The post-apartheid period has been marked by numerous outbreaks of xenophobic attacks against foreign migrants and asylum seekers from various conflict zones in Africa. [218] As of 2021, tens of thousands of white South Africans continue to emigrate each year. In early South Africa, European notions of national boundaries and land ownership had no counterparts in African political culture. On 10 May 1994 Mandela was inaugurated as South Africa's new President in Pretoria with Thabo Mbeki and F. W. De Klerk as his vice-presidents. [212] [45] Shaka built large armies, breaking from clan tradition by placing the armies under the control of his own officers rather than of hereditary chiefs. The attack failed, with British forces then retreating back to Durban, which the Boers besieged. [206], A non-racial United Democratic Front (UDF) coalition of about 400 civic, church, student, trade union and other organisations emerged in 1983. Madia South African. Except in rare outcrops, however, the main gold deposits had over many years become covered gradually by thousands of feet of hard rock. Some groups, ancestral to today's Nguni peoples (the Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, and Ndebele), preferred to live near the eastern coast of what is present-day South Africa. The Apartheid Convention, as it came to be known, was adopted by the General Assembly on 30 November 1973 with 91 member states voting in favour, four against (Portugal, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States) and 26 abstentions. His impis (warrior regiments) were rigorously disciplined: failure in battle meant death.[46]. Following the Invasion of the Cape Colony by the British in 1795 and 1806, mass migrations collectively known as the Great Trek occurred during which the Voortrekkers established several Boer settlements on the interior of South Africa. Chidubem - This name is Igbo for "God is my guide." Igwe - Many Igbo people in South Africa have this last name. [116] The conflict ended almost as soon as it began with a decisive Boer victory at Battle of Majuba Hill (27 February 1881). Abara is a common last name in the Igbo community. As Cape Prime Minister, Rhodes curtailed the multi-racial franchise, and his expansionist policies set the stage for the Second Boer War. The oldest is Little Foot, a collection of footbones of an unknown hominid between 2.2 and 3.3 million years old, discovered at Sterkfontein by Ronald J. Clarke. Multi-national mining corporations including Anglo-American Corporation, Lonmin, and Anglo Platinum, were accused of failing to address the enduring legacies of apartheid. [118] The enormous wealth of the mines was in the hands of European "Randlords" overseeing the mainly British foreign managers, mining foremen, engineers and technical specialists, characterised by the Boers as uitlander, meaning aliens. Nearly 9,000 were killed in action. Afumba (Zambian origin) meaning "when they plan". [171] Two dozen conspirators including senior South African Army officers were arrested on charges of treason and murder, after a bomb explosion in Soweto. Special African Surnames, their Origin and What they Mean 1. Ade. This did not prevent the outbreak of a Second AngloBoer war. Abara - Origin: West African (Igbo). It caused the consolidation of groups such as the Matebele, the Mfengu and the Makololo. During the administration of President Jacob Zuma corruption in South Africa had also become a growing problem. The rebel leaders were prosecuted, fined heavily and sentenced to imprisonment ranging from six to seven years. [80], The increasing economic involvement of the British in southern Africa from the 1820s, and especially following the discovery of first diamonds at Kimberley and gold in the Transvaal, resulted in pressure for land and African labour, and led to increasingly tense relations with Southern African states.[40]. Colonel Jan Breytenbach, the South African parachute battalion commander, claimed it was "recognised in Western military circles as the most successful airborne assault since World War II. Van der Merwe is a common Afrikaans surname, derived from the Dutch van der Merwen ("from the Merwede"). [179] The Cuban intervention was decisive in helping reverse SADF and UNITA advances and cement MPLA rule in Angola. British policy with regard to South Africa would vacillate with successive governments, but the overarching imperative throughout the 19th century was to protect the strategic trade route to India while incurring as little expense as possible within the colony. In the event of a vacancy the Deputy President serves as Acting President. There are 54 countries, between 900 and 1,500 languages, and several thousand ethnic groups in Africa, according to Britannica. The Union of South Africa came to an end after a referendum on 5 October 1960, in which a majority of white South Africans voted in favour of unilateral withdrawal from the British Commonwealth and the establishment of a Republic of South Africa. The kingdom controlled trade through the east African ports to Arabia, India and China, and throughout southern Africa, making it wealthy through the exchange of gold and ivory for imports such as Chinese porcelain and Persian glass beads.[25]. Your partner in parenting from baby name inspiration to college planning. [168], The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) would later establish that a covert, informal network of former or still serving army and police operatives, frequently acting in conjunction with extreme right-wing elements, was involved in actions that could be construed as fomenting violence and which resulted in gross human rights violations, including random and targeted killings. CS3012.U5 South Africa 12. Khumalo: Pretorius: Pretorius is a surname of Germanic origins. The SSDI is a searchable database of more than 70 million names. Information on our advertising guidelines can be found. Kholwa Female | Kholwa is a name used in both the Zulu and Ndebele cultures and means "believe". [38] The Royal Geographical Society later awarded Livingstone a gold medal for his discovery of Lake Ngami in the desert.[39]. The name is derived from the dutch word Prins (meaning prince), and a loo suffix meaning clearing in the forest. [150][151] In the early to mid-1990s, the AWB attempted unsuccessfully through various acts of public violence and intimidation to derail the country's transition to democracy. (, Viljoen, Russel S. (1995). As European settlers started establishing permanent farms after trekking across the country in search of prime agricultural land, they encountered resistance from the local Bantu people who had originally migrated southwards from central Africa hundreds of years earlier. 128 km per hour in the match against England at Cape Town. It is among the most common African last names. Variant spellings include Prinzloo and Prinslo. In the southeastern part of South Africa, Boer settlers and the Xhosa clashed along the Great Fish River, and in 1779 the First Xhosa War broke out. It was brought to South Africa in 1678 by Frederich Botha. It has, however, been verified that 17,182 black people died mainly of diseases in the Cape concentration camps alone, but this figure is not accepted historically as a true reflection of the overall numbers. Gill: Gill is a Punjabi surname. Following Lord Carnarvon's successful introduction of federation in Canada, it was thought that similar political effort, coupled with military campaigns, might succeed with the African kingdoms, tribal areas and Boer republics in South Africa. In the 14th and 15th century, Portuguese explorers traveled down the west African Coast, detailing and mapping the coastline and in 1488 they rounded the Cape of Good Hope. Axmed (Somali origin) the variant for Ahmed. John Murray. Page 1 2. Frere, on his own initiative, without the approval of the British government and with the intent of instigating a war with the Zulu, had presented an ultimatum on 11 December 1878, to the Zulu king Cetshwayo with which the Zulu king could not comply. Newbury (1987), p.1 citing D Hobart Houghton and Jennifer Dagut (eds). [42] Most historians recognise that the Mfecane wasn't just a series of events caused by the founding of the Zulu kingdom but rather a multitude of factors caused before and after Shaka Zulu came into power. In 1836, when Boer Voortrekkers (pioneers) arrived in the northwestern part of present-day South Africa, they came into conflict with a Ndebele sub-group that the settlers named "Matabele", under chief Mzilikazi. Mafanela South African. [219] By 2019 the number of skilled black South Africans emigrating out of the country had surpassed the number of white emigres. The July 2021 unrest coincided with the Cape Town taxi conflict[253] and Transnet ransomware attack[254][255] leading to unproven speculation that they might have been connected. Another reason for Dutch-speaking white farmers trekking away from the Cape was the abolition of slavery by the British government on Emancipation Day, 1 December 1838. Luckhoff South African Lupondo South African Luter South African Madia South African After the suppression of the abortive, pro-German Maritz Rebellion during the South African World War I campaign against German South West Africa in 1914, the South African rebel General Manie Maritz escaped to Spain. This list of 100 African girl names includes their meanings, variations, and countries of origin. British colonisation, Mfecane and Boer Republics (18151910), Area Study South Africa, US Library of Congress. [159], On 16 December 1966, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2202 A (XXI) identified apartheid as a "crime against humanity". Meaning "lynx" in English. 1. [174] These states, forming a regional alliance of southern African states, were named collectively as the Frontline States: Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and, from 1980, Zimbabwe. Aguer (South Sudanese origin) means "tree". President Kruger suspected the insurgency had received at least the tacit approval of the Cape Colony government under the premiership of Cecil John Rhodes, and that Kruger's South African Republic faced imminent danger. The Griqua community became subsequently dissimulated. [186] On 23 August 1981 South African troops again launched an incursion into Angola with collaboration and encouragement provided by the American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Moshoeshoe was under the impression he was loaning grazing land to the settlers in accordance with African precepts of occupation rather than ownership, while the settlers believed they had been granted permanent land rights. [248], Police and military authorities were mobilised to quell the unrest. A succession of wars followed from 1858 to 1868 between the Basotho kingdom and the Boer republic of Orange Free State. The country became a fully sovereign nation state within the British Empire, in 1934 following enactment of the Status of the Union Act. The republic regained its independence as the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek ("South African Republic"), or ZAR. [135], Black and mixed-race South Africans who had supported the war were embittered when post-war South Africa saw no easing of white domination and racial segregation.[136]. Remains of hanged prisoners to be exhumed. [20] By the time of their defeat and expulsion from the Cape Peninsula and surrounding districts, the Khoikhoi population was decimated by a smallpox epidemic introduced by Dutch sailors against which the Khoikhoi had no natural resistance or indigenous medicines.[21]. [93], The first diamond discoveries between 1866 and 1867 were alluvial, on the southern banks of the Orange River. [238] A lack of investment in new power generating capacity and an aging fleet of existing power plants was the initial cause of the crisis. [28] The VOC also brought some 71,000 slaves to Cape Town from India, Indonesia, East Africa, Mauritius, and Madagascar.[29]. [7] The discoveries of diamonds and gold in the nineteenth century had a profound effect on the fortunes of the region, propelling it onto the world stage and introducing a shift away from an exclusively agrarian-based economy towards industrialisation and the development of urban infrastructure. An unusually short lifespan might indicate that your South African ancestors lived in harsh conditions. [40], Various theories have been advanced for the causes of the difaqane, ranging from ecological factors to competition in the ivory trade. Concentration camp superintendents did not always record the deaths of black inmates in the camps.[123]. Ismail bowled a delivery at a speed of 80 miles per hour i.e. [216] A wealth tax on the super-rich to fund developmental projects was set aside, while domestic and international corporations, enriched by apartheid, were excused from any financial reparations. Truth and Reconciliation Commission (1998), Findings in respect of the state and its allies: findings 82, 100 c, 100 f, 101, 102 pp. He then set out on a massive programme of expansion, killing or enslaving those who resisted in the territories he conquered. 1. [14][15][16] The initial origin of the Khoikhoi remains uncertain.[17][18]. [225] The migrant labour system was identified as a primary cause of the unrest. After an unsuccessful appeal for aid from the British Empire, Moshoeshoe signed the 1866 treaty of Thaba Bosiu, with the Basotho ceding substantial territory to the Orange Free State. [111] The commercial opportunities opened by the discovery of gold attracted many other people of European Jewish origin. Later, English and Dutch seafarers in the late 16th and 17th centuries exchanged metals for cattle and sheep with the Khoikhoi. Da Gama's fleet proceeded northwards to Zanzibar and later sailed eastwards, eventually reaching India and opening the Cape Route between Europe and Asia. Abeba Family Education is part of the Sandbox Learning family of educational reference sites for parents, teachers, and students. [233] The Zondo Commission of Inquiry was appointed during the Presidency of Cyril Ramaphosa to investigate allegations of state capture related corruption. Racial segregation and white minority rule known officially as apartheid, an Afrikaans word meaning "separateness", was implemented in 1948. In 1828 Shaka was killed by his half-brothers Dingaan and Umhlangana. [235] Other corruption related scandals to emerge during this period included the collapse of VBS Mutual Bank[236] and Bosasa. The National Party championed Afrikaner interests, advocating separate development for the two white groups, and independence from Britain. Southern Africa was later populated by Bantu-speaking people who migrated from the western region of central Africa during the early centuries AD. Mokopane and his followers, anticipating retaliation by the settlers, retreated into the mountain caves known as Gwasa, (or Makapansgat in Afrikaans). [better source needed]The progenitors of the extended clan were Maria Kickers, her first partner Ferdinands Appel, and her later husband Frederich Botha. An estimated five thousand Zulu warriors were involved. [202] The Africanists broke away from the ANC to form the Pan-Africanist Congress and its military wing named Poqo, which became active mainly in the Cape provinces. The majority of burghers had Dutch ancestry and belonged to the Dutch Reformed Church, but there were also some Germans, who often happened to be Lutherans. Tau was the name of the last ruler of the Rolong in South Africa (18th century). Da Gama gave the name Natal to the coast he was passing, which in Portuguese means Christmas. Within census records, you can often find information like name of household members, ages, birthplaces, residences, and occupations. Great Britain. Modern human settlement occurred around 125,000 years ago in the Middle Stone Age, as shown by archaeological discoveries at Klasies River Caves. Griqualand then became a separate Crown Colony renamed Griqualand West in 1871, with a Lieutenant-General and legislative council. The First Sekhukhune War of 1876 was conducted by the Boers, and the two separate campaigns of the Second Sekhukhune War of 1878/1879 were conducted by the British. The British High Commission territories of Basutoland (now Lesotho), Bechuanaland (now Botswana), and Swaziland (now Eswatini) continued under direct rule from Britain. Retief Afrikaans Afrikaans form of Rtif. Infographic: Top African Surnames Rich In History And Culture Most Popular African Last Names Or Surnames 1. [64], Over the next 50 years, 150,000 more indentured Indian servants and labourers arrived, as well as numerous free "passenger Indians," building the base for what would become the largest Indian diasporic community outside India. Both Prime Minister Louis Botha and Defence Minister Jan Smuts were former Second Boer War generals who had previously fought against the British, but they now became active and respected members of the Imperial War Cabinet. [37], Early relations between the European settlers and the Xhosa, the first Bantu peoples they met when they ventured inward, were peaceful. The Democratic Party and Pan Africanist Congress, among others, formed a parliamentary opposition in the country's first non-racial parliament. Those settlers who were allocated money could only claim it in Britain in person or through an agent. Naidoo: A popular Indian surname in South Africa. Many blacks adopted the surname of Freeman after emancipation in 1863. The meaning of this strong African boys' name makes it ideal for the first son of a family that has Ibibio ancestry. Meanwhile, the British, who viewed their defeat at Majuba as an aberration, forged ahead with their desire to federate the Southern African colonies and republics. This led to conflict between the Basotho and the British, who were defeated by Moshoeshoe's warriors at the battle of Viervoet in 1851. [97] No material benefits accrued to the Griquas as a result of either colonisation or annexation; they did not receive any share of the diamond wealth generated at Kimberley. The Patriot revolutionaries then proclaimed the Batavian Republic, which was closely allied to revolutionary France. "[215], Following the ANC's electoral victory in 1994, the eradication of mass poverty through nationalisation was never implemented. 4. [24] Others, now known as the SothoTswana peoples (Tswana, Pedi, and Sotho), settled in the interior on the plateau known as the Highveld,[24] while today's Venda, Lemba, and Tsonga peoples made their homes in the north-eastern areas of present-day South Africa. Lerato (Southern African origin), meaning "love" in Sotho, pronounced LE-raa-too. [163], In the mid-1980s, police and army death squads conducted state-sponsored assassinations of dissidents and activists. This caused further dissatisfaction among the Dutch settlers. A Adriaanse Alberts (name) B Badenhorst Bakkes Bekker Blaauw Blignault Blignaut Booi Booysen Boshoff Bosman Botha Breytenbach Burger (surname) Buys C Cilliers Cloete (surname) Coetzee Cronje In 1854, it was granted its first locally elected legislature, the Cape Parliament. [223], A further financial burden was imposed on the new post-apartheid government through its obligation to provide antiretroviral (ARV) treatment to impoverished victims of the HIV/AIDS epidemic sweeping the country. Botha (pronounced / b r t / in non-rhotic dialects of English, Afrikaans pronunciation: ) is a common Afrikaans surname, derived from the Friso-Saxon Both. Open hostilities ceased between the Orange Free State and the Basotho. Under the post-apartheid Constitution the president is head of both state and government. Male | Jabulani, a Zulu name often shortened to Jabu, means "rejoice" and is pronounced Jah-boo-LAH-nee. [43][44][24], In 1818, Nguni tribes in Zululand created a militaristic kingdom between the Tugela River and Pongola River, under the driving force of Shaka kaSenzangakhona, son of the chief of the Zulu clan. The Jewish population of South Africa in 1880 numbered approximately 4,000; by 1914 it had grown to more than 40,000, mostly migrants from Lithuania. Your use of the site indicates your agreement to be bound by our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. 31. In 1878, Waterboer led an unsuccessful rebellion against the colonial authorities, for which he was arrested and briefly exiled.[76]. Sorry, we couldn't find geographic distribution information for South African. [75] The Boer republics of Transvaal and the Orange Free State also vied for ownership of the land, but Britain, being the preeminent force in the region, won control over the disputed territory. It means "leaves" (verb) in Swahili. The consequent frontier wars became known as the Xhosa Wars (which were also referred to in contemporary discussion as the Kafir Wars or the Cape Frontier Wars[79]). In mid-1903 there remained barely half of the 90,000 black labourers who had been employed in the industry in mid-1899. [199] From the 1960s onwards until 1989, MK carried out numerous acts of sabotage and attacks on military and police personnel. 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Sotho, pronounced LE-raa-too ) in Swahili Nasson, eds surpassed the number white! Brought to South Africa Learning Family of educational reference sites for parents, teachers, and countries origin... Republic regained its independence as the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek ( `` South African in favour War... Including Anglo-American Corporation, Lonmin, and occupations Crown Colony renamed griqualand West in 1871, with forces! The mid-1980s, police and Army death squads conducted state-sponsored assassinations of dissidents and.. Ancestors lived in harsh conditions no counterparts in African political culture their meanings, variations, and independence Britain. The eradication of mass poverty through nationalisation was never implemented Female | kholwa is a searchable database more. Kholwa Female | kholwa is a common last name in the country became separate! In South Africa had also become a growing problem six to seven years on a massive programme of,! 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