"[42], According to the Homeric Hymn to Selene, the goddess bore Zeus a daughter, Pandia ("All-brightness"),[43] "exceeding lovely amongst the deathless gods". According to the Homeric Hymn 32, Selene and Zeus together had a daughter named Pandia. [29], Selene played a role in some versions of the myth of the Nemean Lion, a ferocious and invulnerable beast slain by Heracles as the first of his Twelve Labors. -Quintus Smyrnaeus, Fall of Troy 10. How old is the United States of America? Her lunar sphere or crescent was either a crown set upon her head or the fold of a raised, shining cloak. Helios was one of the Titans, son of Hyperion and Theia and brother of Eos (the Dawn) and Selene (the Moon ). [8], Selene began appearing in the visual arts around the early fifth century BCE. The later development of Selene as a goddess of insanity had a lasting impact on the medical beliefs of the pre-modern world. Like Artemis, Selene was sometimes called Phoebe, a name that means bright one.. Festivals and feasts were determined by the lunar calendar, giving Selene as Mene an important role in the worship of all the gods and goddesses. The bull was also one of her symbols and at times it was the bull that she was depicted to be riding. In the Greek calendar, they used the phases of the moon to calculate a month made up of three ten-day periods. But Selene was also called by many generic epithets that were used for other goddesses as well, including (euplokmos, she of the beautiful hair), (leuklnos, white-armed), (glaukpis, gray-eyed, bright-eyed, an epithet most commonly associated with Athena), and (kyanpis, dark-eyed, essentially the opposite of glaukpis). This article is about the Greek goddess. It is fascinating how the ancient Greeks saw the beautiful but solitary celestial body in the sky and proceeded to weave romantic tales about the goddess that was supposed to embody it. (Similarly, Selenes brother Helios came to be identified with Artemis brother Apollo. In Greek mythology, Ceto was a goddess of the water. Many of these old communities followed the lunar calendar and that made the moon a center of their faith and worship in many ways. Selene is the goddess of the moon. Like most of the Titans, Selene was rarely worshipped in the ancient world. Attic red-figure kylix showing Selene riding the chariot of the moon, drawn by two winged horses. [12] Also from Artemis, Selene was sometimes called "Cynthia", meaning "she of Mount Cynthus" (the birthplace of Artemis). Two winged steeds pulled her across the sky each night. After all, mythology is storytelling at its finest. [82], Gaia, angered about her children the Titans being thrown into Tartarus following their defeat, brought forth the Giants, to attack the gods, in a war that was called the Gigantomachy. She asks Menippus to report her grievances to Zeus, with the request that Zeus wipes all these natural philosophers from the face of the earth. The talkative Myia would sit with Endymion as he slept his eternal sleep, chattering endlesslyso much so that Endymion eventually woke up. Seeking vengeance, she instigated a war between her other children, the Giants, and the Olympian gods. It seems that Selene was not uninvolved in the twelve tasks of Heracles either. Her Roman equivalent is Luna. Selene, the moon goddess, was reputed to have had many children by various fathers. This is at times accompanied by stars to depict the night sky, but the crescent moon was perhaps the most recognizable of Selenes symbols. In ancient Greek mythology and religion, Selene ( / slini /; Greek: pronounced [seln], meaning "Moon" [2]) is the personification of the Moon. The goddess of the moon does not seem to have been the object of much ritual worship in the early Greek period. [107], Ovid mentions how in the myth of Phaethon, Helios' son who drove his father's chariot for a day, when Phaethon lost control of the chariot and burned the earth, Selene in the sky looked down to see in amazement her brother's horses running wild lower than normal. But on nights the moon could not be seen, there was a very good reason for her absence. Thus, both the sun and the moon were seen as gods embodied in those forms. Hail, white-armed goddess, bright Selene, mild, bright-tressed queen! In Greek mythology, Hyperion (/ h a p r i n /; Greek: , 'he who goes before') was one of the twelve Titan children of Gaia (the Earth) and Uranus (the Sky). Selene, daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia, was the personification of the moon. [152], According to a certain Epigenes,[153] the three Moirai, or Fates, were regarded in the Orphic tradition as representing the three divisions of Selene, "the thirtieth and the fifteenth and the first" (i.e. The goddess Selene was the daughter of Titius Hyperion and Theia. [34] She also had a sacred statue (which stood alongside one of her brother Helios) in the public market of Elis.[35]. Selene was linked to Artemis as well as Hecate; all three were considered lunar goddesses. In another story she was loved by Pan. Selene appeared each night over the water, shining all the more because she emerged from bathing in the sea. Endymion This is a relatively late text. One of the names given for Selene, and occasionally for an independent personification, was Mene. They included: The lunar goddesses sometimes worked together. It was devoted to Selene, under the name Pasiphae, and to Helios. Other tales said that the sleep put on Endymion was more of a punishment than a gift. In some cases, it is debated whether she indeed was the mother. [81], Philologist Max Mller's interpretation of solar mythology as it related to Selene and Endymion concluded that the myth was a narrativized version of linguistic terminology. There was an Athenian festival named the Pandia, held in honor of Zeus, which was perhaps celebrated on a full moon night. Selene was the Greek goddess of the moon. [93] Aelian states: "They say that the Lion of Nemea fell from the moon", and quotes Epimenides as saying:[94], For I am sprung from fair-tressed Selene the Moon, who in a fearful shudder shook off the savage lion in Nemea, and brought him forth at the bidding of Queen Hera. Around this time, Selene came to be identified with more important goddesses such as Artemis and Hecateidentifications that expanded her role in Greek religion. Interestingly, this version of the myth does not involve Selene. [125] An oracular sanctuary existed near Thalamai in Laconia. Selene had an altar at Pergamon, at the sanctuary of Demeter, the goddess of spring. [17] It seems however that unlike the Dawn (Eos) and the Sun (Helios), the Moon had very little importance in PIE mythology. Their daughter Eos was the first to appear each day. But in other versions of the Endymion myth, Selene begged Zeus to make her lover immortal so they could be forever. Selene herself, upon discovering this, took her own life. Mythopedia. Offended, she sent a gadfly to sting the bull; the surprised creature threw Ampelus and proceeded to gore him to death. Selene is reputed to have had romantic relationships with her cousin Zeus as well and they had at least three daughters together, if not more children. Zeus could not do that, so he sent Endymion into an eternal slumber so he would never age or die. [142] In Theocritus' second Idyll, a young girl invokes Selene in a love-spell. The Greek word for the moon was also the word used to delineate the months. The most enduring story of Selene concerns the love she felt for an ordinary human man. Francoise Gury, Selene/Luna, in Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae (Zurich: Artemis, 1994), 7:70615. Sometimes these were winged horses, although some later accounts had the chariot drawn by bulls. Hill, D. E. "THE THESSALIAN TRICK." But unlike other night goddesseslike Nyx, Hecate, and sometimes even ArtemisSelene represented the moon itself. [2] She was often associated with cycles of growth and agriculture, female menstruation, and mysterious diseases like epilepsy and demonic possession. Lunacy takes its name from Selenes Roman counterpart, Luna. [87], According to the late account of Nonnus, when the gigantic monster Typhon laid siege against the heavens, he attacked Selene as well by hurling bulls at her, though she managed to stay in her course, and rushed at her hissing like a viper. Selene's Role She was the goddess of the moon, which she drove every night across the skies. According to Hesiod's Theogony, her parents were the Titans Hyperion and Theia; her brother was Helios, the sun god (sometimes called her father); her sister was Eos (Dawn). [5], Selenes moon chariotsimilar to the sun chariot of her brother Helios and the dawn chariot of her sister Eoswas probably her most distinctive and consistent attribute. Nonnus, Dionysiaca 12.1ff (who names Helios as the father of the Horae but does not name the mother). There are three different ways you can cite this article. Greek Mythology >> Galleries GALLERIES. Selene, one of the younger generation of Titans, was also the Greek goddess of the moon. [88], Ampelus was a very beautiful satyr youth, loved by the god Dionysus. This article was most recently revised and updated by, From Athena to Zeus: Basics of Greek Mythology, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Selene-Greek-and-Roman-mythology, Ancient Origins - Celestial Goddess Selene: The Ancient Greek Goddess of the Moon. And a memorial of her couch abides still neath the oaks; for mid the copses round was poured out milk of kine; and still do men marvelling behold its whiteness. [91], Selene also played a small role in the first of Heracles' twelve labours; whereas for Hesiod, the Nemean Lion was born to Orthrus and the Chimera (or perhaps Echidna) and raised by Hera,[92] other accounts have Selene involved in some way in its birth or rearing. Only a handful of religious centers of Selene are known from the ancient world. In later times, Selene was often associated with Artemis in the same way that her brother Helios was associated with Artemis brother Apollo. Cf. Were building the worlds most authoritative, online mythology resource, with engaging, accessible content that is both educational and compelling to read. She was known for being the only Greek moon goddess portrayed as the embodiment of the moon by the ancient poets. If youve ever wondered what role the moon played in ancient life, here is your chance to learn about how the Greeks viewed Selene, the personification of the moon. He soon discovered the source of Selenes distraction. Synonyms of bright or shining or silvery are often used in descriptions of her, as she was supposed to have a complexion of extraordinary paleness. Hesiod, Theogony 371ff; Apollodorus, Library 1.2.2; etc. The Greeks followed a lunar calendar, making Selene one of the most important deities in the passage of time. Zeus heard of that, and ordered Selene as well as her siblings Helios (Sun) and Eos (Dawn) not to shine, and harvested all of that plant for himself. She was essentially urban and civilized, the antithesis in many respects of Artemis, goddess of the outdoors. Same thing happened with Helius and Apollo. The goddess had one temple that was also an oracle near Thalamae in Laconia. Corrections? Pan, the god of the wild, supposedly seduced Selene while dressed in a sheepskin. 245 M-W; Pherecydes, FHG 1 frag. At night he drove below the edge of the world in the west, circling below Gaia to reappear on the eastern horizon by morning. [100], Diodorus Siculus recorded an unorthodox version of the myth, in which Basileia, who had succeeded her father Uranus to his royal throne, married her brother Hyperion, and had two children, a son Helios and a daughter Selene, "admired for both their beauty and their chastity". [127] Selene (along with Helios, Nyx and others) received an altar at the sanctuary of Demeter at Pergamon, possibly in connection with the Orphic mysteries. Selene and Helios together were said to be the parents of the four Horae, the goddesses of the seasons. She had two siblings, Helios and Eos. The eternally sleeping Endymion was proverbial,[71] but exactly how this eternal sleep came about and what role, if any, Selene may have had in it is unclear. [102], Plutarch recorded a fable-like story in which Selene asked her mother to weave her a garment to fit her measure, and her mother replied that she was unable to do so, as she kept changing shape and size, sometimes full, then crescent-shaped and others yet half her size. Wells, the sophisticated insect-like creatures that live on the moon are called Selenites, cleverly named after the Greek moon goddess. https://mythopedia.com/topics/selene, Avi Kapach is a writer, scholar, and educator who received his PhD in Classics from Brown University. They were even called by their names, Phoebe and Phoebus respectively, in some sources. That was a basic unit of how the Greeks measured time in the old days. 199; Strabo, Geography 14.1.8; Catullus, Odes 66.5; Propertius, Elegies 2.15; Ovid, Heroides 15.89ff, 18.59ff; Seneca, Phaedra 309ff; Hyginus, Fabulae 271; Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica 8.28ff; Lucian, Dialogues of the Gods 19; Nonnus, Dionysiaca 2.325ff, 4.195ff, 7.237ff, and passim; Quintus of Smyrna, Posthomerica 10.125ff; etc. Most of the important Greek gods and goddesses had temple sites of their own. Hecate and her followers, for example, asked Selene for her cooperation in their magic. She was said to represent the full moon. [132] At Athens, wineless offerings (nephalia) were made to Selene, along with other celestial gods, Selene's siblings Helios and Eos, and Aphrodite Ourania;[133] in Attica, it seems that Selene was identified with Aphrodite. GREEK VASE PAINTINGS GALLERY 1 (86 IMAGES) . [148] Records show that a type of cake called (bos, "ox") decorated with horns to represent the full moon or an ox was offered to her and other divinities like Hecate, Artemis and Apollo. Certain types of insanity were said to be brought on by the moons influence, and it was believed that Selene had the power to create lunacy with purpose. [47] Nonnus has Selene and Endymion as the parents of the beautiful Narcissus, although in other accounts, including Ovid's Metamorphoses, Narcissus was the son of Cephissus and Liriope.[48]. Seln) was also the ancient Greek word meaning moon. The etymology is uncertain, but it appears to be related to the Greek word (slas, light) and the Proto-Indo-European word *l(o)uksneh- (moon), from which we also derive the Latin word for moon, luna. Selene, like her siblings, was a Titan goddess because of her birth but they were no less important to the Greeks. The Greeks followed a lunar calendar, in which months were delineated by the cycles of the moon. Way). Greek Gods / Helios. [32], Selene was rarely worshipped, at least in earlier periods of ancient Greek history. As the embodiment of the moon, Selene and the movement of her chariot across the night sky was important for the Greeks to measure time. The animals, however, were almost always shown as pure white regardless of their type. [16][18], Although attempts have been made to connect Selene to Helene due to the similarity of their names, in two early dedications to Helen from Laconia her name is spelled with a digamma (Ancient Greek: , romanized:Welna), ruling out any possible connection between them. Her brother Helios shone as the sun, while her sister Eos was the goddess of the dawn. Every evening, Selene ushered in nightfall and then drove her chariot through the night before giving way to dawn. Specifically, she was a goddess who controlled the dangerous creatures of the sea. [8] The masculine form of mene (men) was also the name of the Phrygian moon-god Men. Gaia, the primordial Titan goddess and grandmother to the Olympian gods and goddesses, was enraged when her children were defeated in the Titanomachy and imprisoned in Tartarus. Hyginus, preface to Fabulae. The concept of Selene as the lunar goddess also made her an important goddess of childbirth and female fertility. Oil lamp fragment with the head of Selene, early classical period, Muse de Die. Eventually, she became identified with Artemis, goddess of the wilderness, who was sometimes associated with the moon. Selene is a Goddess in herself, but she is often associated with Artemis, the archer Goddess. The most important of Selenes symbols was her moon chariot. [62] References to this magical trick, variously referred to as (kathairen), are scattered throughout ancient literature, whereas eclipses of both the Sun and the Moon were called kathaireseis ("casting-downs") by the Greek populace. Divine Selene watched over the earth from the sky for three days and the night lingered so that day would not dawn. Selene was, while not worshiped openly, apparently the object of many spells and invocations addressed to her by young women. The moon goddess and Artemis were occasionally shown as companions. Accessed on 27 Feb. 2023. The Greek word Phoebe means bright and the word Cynthia means from Mount Cynthus which was said to be the birthplace of Artemis. The second Japanese lunar orbiter spacecraft following was named SELENE (Selenological and Engineering Explorer) after Selene, and was also known as Kaguya in Japan. The Story of Selene. The three siblings clearly worked in conjunction with one another, since their roles and duties are so intrinsically linked. What are Hades Powers that are Really Scary? [63] A famous example of that is Aglaonice of Thessaly, an ancient Greek astronomer, who was regarded as a sorceress for her (self-proclaimed) ability to make the Moon disappear from the sky ( : kathairen tn selnen). Updates? Helius, Selene, Eos, Atlas, Prometheus, Pandora, Nike, Boreas, Zephyrus, Astra) GREEK VASE PAINTINGS GALLERY 8 (83 IMAGES) [11], Just as Helios, from his identification with Apollo, is called Phoebus ("bright"), Selene, from her identification with Artemis, is also called Phoebe (feminine form). Altes Museum, Berlin, Germany. Selene was one of the daughters of the Titan gods Hyperion and Theia and the sister of the sun god Helios and the goddess of the dawn Eos. Her name was spelt differently in the different dialects of the Greeks but the meaning was the same. Selene, daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia, was the personification of the moon. [28], Another version is known only from Lucian, a satirical writer from the second century CE. E.g., Thucydides, Histories 7.50.4; Tacitus, Annals 1.28.1ff. But she quite likes being glimpsed through the clouds and her coyness is somewhat . With his sister, the Titaness Theia, Hyperion fathered Helios (the Sun), Selene (the Moon) and Eos (the Dawn).. Hyperion was, along with his son Helios, a personification of the sun, with the two sometimes . 527532; Shear, pp. According to Hesiods Theogony, Selene was born of Hyperion and Theia. Is the Mother of Castor and Pollux a Goddess? Selene herself most often wore a crown of gleaming silver, which matched her silver chariot. In ancient Greek mythology, Selene, is the Titan goddess of the moon and is said to drive her glowing chariot powered by beautiful white horses across the sky each night. Selene was a Titan goddess in Greek mythology, daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia. The moon, in the ancient world, was heavily associated with certain kinds of womanly issues, fertility, and healing. [73] However, Apollodorus says that because of Endymion's "surpassing beauty, the Moon fell in love with him, and Zeus allowed him to choose what he would, and he chose to sleep for ever, remaining deathless and ageless". 1392). Selene is the daughter of Titans Hyperion and Theia. As punishment, he was either thrown out of Olympus or cast into an eternal sleep. She was frequently distinguished by a crescent moon over her head (or occasionally a lunar disk).[9]. [10] The Greek Stoic philosopher Chrysippus interpreted Selene and Men as, respectively, the female and male aspects of the same god. Often when one god supplanted another in a particular domain, the stories that involved that god were changed to reflect this. Selene's Roman name was Lunar. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. And now thou thyself too hast part in a like mad passion; and some god of affliction has given thee Jason to be thy grievous woe. Whether this Pallas (called the son of Megamedes) is the same as the Titan Pallas or a different individual entirely is unclear. They put Hyperion to the sword, and drowned Helios in the river Eridanus. Selene The Greek God Selene is best known as the Titan Goddess of the moon. But in the case of her daughters with Endymion, it is widely known that Selene gave birth to the fifty daughters known as the Menai. This was common for many of the younger generation Titans who did not fight alongside their fathers and aunts and uncles against Zeus. Not only was she the goddess of the moon, but she was considered a personification of the moon itself and that was how she was portrayed by many of the old poets and writers. As Luna, she had temples at Rome on the Aventine and Palatine hills. H. G. Evelyn-White. The name of the moon goddess is surrounded by accounts of the consorts she had and their children. (Also, the name of the Titan Goddess Phoebe and an epithet of Artemis.). Selene then turned Lilaeus into a mountain, Mt. I have been in love with all things related to Mythology. [105], Claudian wrote that in her infancy, when her horns had not yet grown, Selene (along with Helios their sister Eos is not mentioned with them) was nursed by her aunt, the water goddess Tethys. Selene, the goddess of the moon, has two siblings: Eos, the goddess of the dawn, and Helios, the sun god. Obbink, Dirk (2002), "'All Gods are True' in Epicurus" in, Obbink, Dirk (2011) "56. Secretive and shy, she enjoys flitting silently through the night with a pearl-white or silvery chariot. [119] Often a crescent moon rests on her brow, or the cusps of a crescent moon protrude, horn-like, from her head, or from behind her head or shoulders. 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