Design and production by Vignesh Ramachandran, Logan Jaffe, Jillian Kumagai and Agnes Chang. Author James Loewen. Sunny to partly cloudy. How fortunate we are to have so little of darkest Africa among us, the Gazette wrote in January 1903, adding that it would be presumptuous to place the negro in the places where only white men should fill as long as this is a white mans country.. The Gazette wrote that the only colored man who has ever lived in this city, died at his home Sunday night. Emily Sales died in Anna in 1932. The look on their faces was terror, Smith said. But there aren't any "sundown" places, including the one's marked on the map near me, that I would tell someone to not visit because of the color of their skin. Nevertheless, three years after Smith moved to Anna, her family still has to deal with racist comments. Snopes and the Snopes.com logo are registered service marks of Snopes.com, A photograph shows a sign in a "sundown town" in 2022 that reads "Whites only within city limits after dark. Have you ever seen the population signs? he asked me. But it hurt. Would the man who first recited A-N-N-A have done so if I werent white? Patrick Brumleve, who oversees the museum as the president of the Union County Historical and Genealogical Society, said Anna was named after Anna Davie, the wife of the man who founded the town in 1854. Killeen and copperas cove are around ft hood while there is racism here there is so many people of different races that live here and retired here that info might need to be changed. (She asked me not to publish her name, out of concern for her safety.). Sundown towns, also known as sunset towns, gray towns, or sundowner towns, are all-white municipalities or neighborhoods in the United States that practice a form of racial segregation by excluding non-whites via some combination of discriminatory local laws, intimidation, and violence. In 1990, the median owner-occupied house in Tuxedo Park, perhaps the wealthiest suburb of New York City, was worth more than $500,000 (the highest category in the census). However, ALL of the towns in Vermillion, Vigo (Terre Haute), and Parke counties should be on this map. This part of southern Illinois had at least a half-dozen sundown towns. The Interactive Map of Sundown Towns In the United States some neighborhoods and towns have traditionally managed to largely exclude non-white residents. Brown Media Archives and Peabody Awards Collection, WSB-TV newsfilm . about sundown towns across Illinois. He had a friend who lived in Anna and had spent weekends there. I was born here and lived in the south for many years, so I dont see skin color, said Hunter, who retired in May after nearly two decades on the force. The high school was good and it had a strong sports program. As noted in this video report from The Associated Press, there are several places in the United States that still operate as hidden sundown towns: Buzzfeed News reported on the continued existence of sundown towns in 2021: In 2017, the NAACP issued a travel warning for the entire state of Missouri, a first for the organization. This entry includes information on the methods that have been used to exclude black residents and census records showing the white, black, Asian and Hispanic populations in the town from 1860 to the present. Hi there, would like to start by saying I appreciate the concept. They want to see racial tensions so they lie. Love the map concept. South Florida has a . Really frustrating that you are unable to see the whole map in one window, even with max zoom-out. Anna, Illinois in 2020 is trying to shed the reputation that it has of being a sundown town. The name derives from the posted and verbal warnings issued to Blacks that although they might be allowed to work or travel in a community . Not 100% sure.. Things do change. Between the 1890s and the 1940s, Sundown Towns became a popular trend in Northern states. That is why the words 'colored people' are in quotation marks. I cant tell what color anybody is at night, Hunter said. [Publisher's description.] There was one exception: the Sales family. He didnt like it when people assumed he was racist. Giacomazzo, Bernadette. The night after James was killed, a band of men from Anna headed for a nearby quarry, which employed a number of black men. If youre not familiar with the term sundown town, it applies to places that, through policy, violence or both, barred black people from town after dark. Also known as "Egypt," southern Illinois' abandoned town of Cairo, Illinois sits at the confluence of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers and is on a peninsula with water on three of its four sides. Hello, people of Illinois and people not of Illinois: Im heading north on the Amtrak Lincoln Service from Springfield to Chicago. The green ones with white letters. People around the area, not just in Anna, have called him derogatory names based on his race, he said. They ask him what hes doing out there; doesnt he know Anna is a sundown town? Smith still tears up thinking about it. When Easter Smith opened the door, her house smelled like dinner. One boy, Amiyah told Smith, yelled to her, Come on, blackie, and get in the photo. Amiyah looked at him, turned around and walked away. You can try, Overground Railroad: The Green Book and the Roots of Black Travel in America,", Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism,. In a way, though, it doesnt matter. Though Brumleve said many residents supported the preservation of the Union, Evans support was contingent on the continuation of slavery, and his letters show his increasing contempt for the war as the Lincoln administration took steps toward emancipation. Yet when Smith ran the idea by friends and school guidance counselors, just about everyone asked her the same thing: Dont you know what A-N-N-A stands for? I worked nights for 13 years. The name comes. Her eldest son, Arieh Hart, had an idea. "A travel advisory has been issued to warn that any Black people in or traveling to San Antonio use increased caution when visiting the city due to the city's policing policies that put Black Lives in danger," wrote organizers in a press release. Its a shame that wording is even out there when it comes to Anna, Hartline said. 2021, https://apnews.com/article/virus-outbreak-race-and-ethnicity-violence-db28a9aaa3b800d91b65dc11a6b12c4c. Pekin's legacy includedKu Klux Klan activity and a high school's nickname abolished more than 30 years ago that was a racial slur used to refer to people of Chinese origin. Among his questions: "Do you think Forsyth is a county for whites only?" Courtesy of Walter J. This is the biggest lie that I have seen in a while. Growing up near Phoenix, Smith said her familys friends called them the Huxtables, a reference to the upper-middle class black family of The Cosby Show. She feels her parents, and the high standards they set, prepared her well for her current life: If anybody was going to come to Anna, God picked somebody that had the right credentials to be able to come here, she said. https://twitter.com/digitalsista/status/1411762780718391296. It's good for a laugh but that's about it. Watkins said he . Around 1980, Annas black population grew to about a few dozen residents. 'Sundown towns': Midwest confronts its complicated racial legacy Towns like Utica, Ohio, and Goshen, Ind., are beginning to come to terms with a legacy of racism that has largely evaded. In California, Glendale and Culver City. She described what she saw and he knew she was in Anna. Sundown Towns Still Exist in the U.S. Distractify, 28 Apr. Yeah were do more black get killed were there are hundreds of thousand or fifty Perhaps a better explanation of the data would help to understand it. She prayed. Much of his research on sundown towns led him back to his home state, where I now live and which I wanted to better understand. Not sure why everyone is interpreting your town being on this map as it being a Sundown Town. The Sundown Towns Database does not claim to be a complete record of all sundown towns in the USA. Overcoming racism's legacy: 100-year-old Peorian recalls overcoming racism to start half-century teaching career. If one came here from a link, they expected a recent map, not historical data. Your map link has an extra h at the beginning of the address, resulting in an error when you click on it. I dont know you or your son personally, one message read. Some time later, a few students at Anna-Jonesboro High made an Instagram account and anonymously made fun of classmates by posting photos of them along with derogatory captions, Smith said. Black people also work at Choate Developmental Center, a state mental health facility in Anna. What people need to do is to say: Yes, this happened. And when they recounted some of those stories to me, they talked over one another and finished one anothers sentences. About 100 steps away is the grave of Anna Pelley, marked by a sculpture of a woman on her knees, crying, with the inscription: A life sacrificed but remembered by friends.. Logan Jaffe is a reporter for newsletters at ProPublica. Its pure fiction. There is a restriction against spending the night in your car but thats unrelated. Thats for Aint No Niggers Allowed. He laughed, shook his head and took a sip of his beer. This site was created by Matt Cheney, revised by OddBird, copyrighted by James W. Loewen and heirs (Nick Loewen), and is maintained by Phil Huckelberry and Stephen Berrey. Its really sad. The methods for enforcing such racial segregation ranged . On the contrary, between about 1905 and 1968, about 80 percent of all suburbs of Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, and other northern cities went sundown. These areas have managed to enforce racial segregation through either intimidation or discriminatory local laws, or a combination of both. Everyone else in that restaurant in Anna was white. Here, Illinois is no longer the Prairie state, a correspondent for New Yorks Evening Post wrote in 1858 while covering the third Lincoln-Douglas debate, which was held in Jonesboro, a small town that shares a border with Anna. Hunter told me that when hed pull over black motorists, they would sometimes tell him during traffic stops that they knew what Anna stood for and why hed stopped them. History and Social Justice Website Copyright 2023, Using Lies My Teacher Told Me and Teaching What Really Happened, Resources for Teaching with Lies My Teacher Told Me, Teachers Corner: Teaching with Lies My Teacher Told Me, Contact Jim Loewen to Speak to Your Group, Causing Change With Lies My Teacher Told Me, Works Inspired or Influenced by Lies My Teacher Told Me, Useful Quotations about History and Social Justice, Native American Issues, Including the Explorers, Teaching Slavery, the Civil War, and Reconstruction, Civil Rights Movement to Modern Times: c. 1945 Now, Alphabetical Map of Sundown Towns by State, How to Research and Teach About Sundown Towns, Using Research Information to Help a Sundown Town Overcome Its Past, Loewens Work on Standardized Testing Used by Others, Embarrassing Questions about Standardized Tests. There are hundreds of these. By Shannon Harper Working in youth ministry, supporting young people in their search for identity, voice, and calling, is at best incredibly gratifying. Learning and Affirmation, When UUs of Color Convene. For more information about canonical metadata, You cant edit our material, except to reflect relative changes in time, location and editorial style. But he said he gets asked every so often about A-N-N-A by outsiders like me. "There was a contagion of ordinances," says Loewen. About 10 workers fled to the woods. In 1930, 44 out of the 89 counties that lined Route 66 were all-white communities known as "sundown towns"places that banned black people from entering city limits after dark. Were much obliged to the managers of the [quarry] if they will confine their force to whites in the future, the Jonesboro Gazette wrote, in language and thinking typical of the paper at the time. [It looked] just like that, he added. The authors of the sundown towns website explain that the first urgent need is for work that confirms or disconfirms probable sundown towns. Below, a Q&A with ProPublica Illinois reporter Logan Jaffe. Some posted. You have been subscribed to WBUR Today. Travelers had no way of knowing where the sundown towns were located because there wasnt a map until James Loewen researched and wrote the book Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism, she says. One afternoon in Anna during my second visit, in May 2018 I approached two postal workers, both of them white, loading mail trucks behind the towns post office and asked them where I could find someone who wasnt white. The term sundown town applies to places that, via policy, violence or both, barred black people from town after dark; as the book explains, the phrase is derived from the signs that many of [these places] formerly sported at their corporate limits signs that usually said Nigger, Dont Let the Sun Go Down on You in __.. Accessed 3 May 2022. Signs were sometimes posted saying things like, "Whites only within the city limits after dusk," and other times the message was carried by reputation. Each of you denying it's not your town isn't experiencing it. One of Illinois' most written-about sundown towns is Anna, but Loewen shares many examples in his book including Villa Grove, a town twenty miles from our campus. There were thousands of these sundown communities and most of them were predominant in the Midwest, in the West and in the North, Taylor says. While the details of each incident are often vague or contradictory, newspaper accounts, oral history archives and other documents chronicle a narrative of Annas emerging reputation as A-N-N-A. I looked at the one's listed near me and can tell you that it's all fabrication. Worst map ever. When he returned home and resumed his role as editor, he wrote that he and the other officers were perfectly satisfied of the fact that fighting to free the nigger is no wise [or] desirable task.. You know how this town is called Anna? he started. Sundown towns re-entered the spotlight again in 2020 thanks to the HBO series Lovecraft Country. In fact, the Columbus region is well known for its ethnic diversity. "I'm 67, and for 66 years I always heard about the riot." The. Loewen discovered that many of the sundown towns would burn signs and that theres no official record that some existed at all which shows people continue to erase the dirty parts of our history that we dont want to remember, Taylor says. Your membership is the foundation of our sustainability and resilience. After 6 p.m., Black people faced the risk of harassment or at worst death. I told him I was a journalist from Chicago and asked him to tell me about this town. As the book Sundown Towns, by James W. Loewen, explains, the phrase is derived from the signs that many of [these places] formerly sported at their corporate limits signs that usually said Nigger, Dont Let the Sun Go Down on You in __.. Taylor said hes noticed more black people in Anna in the past 10 years I take my hat off to that but, he said, changing Annas reputation is going to take a while. Arieh said he was called the N-word once during a football game against nearby Du Quoin High School. A 'sundown town,'" Riley said, a term for thousands of rural towns of the era where Blacks were excluded by law or intimidation. A sundown town is a community that for decades kept non-whites from living in it and was thus "all-white" on purpose. There are always going to be a few racists alive who will judge you by the color of your skin. What particularly moved me about talking to a room of 150 or so people is that they wanted to understand how racism has shaped hundreds of communities throughout the state. Sundown towns also range across the income spectrum. Find that audio here. Its before 9 a.m., and Ive already encountered more Abraham Lincoln-related memorials and municipal signage than I thought possible. ", In May 2022, an image went viral that supposedly showed a sign in a modern-day "sundown town" that read "whites only within city limits after dark.". Still, Im not going to claim I know Annas full story Im an outsider. Research on sundown towns helps people understand the blatant racism that exists in our country, Taylor says. Loewen (emeritus, sociology, U. of Vermont) exposes the history and persistence of "sundown towns," so-named for the signs often found at their corporate limits warning African Americans and other minorities not to be found in the town after dusk. The lights were on at a place called the Brick House Grill, and if you were out on South Main Street on a Friday night in February, chances are, thats where you were going. Like what? But the city is still commercially alive. That meant a lot to her. (Their niece, Nora, who lived in the same house, died about 30 years later.) For whatever reason its just one of those towns, I guess, his co-worker added. You cant republish our material wholesale, or automatically; you need to select stories to be republished individually. So most people assume it was the South that was the problem, but that really wasn't the case.. Anyone who knows the history of Anna-Jonesboro would never in a million years imagine something like this would ever happen. There are hundreds of these communities in Illinois. PERU, Ill., Sept. 23 Here in this historic sundown town, population 10,300, where the Illinois River and a railroad stretch for miles across a scenic emerald valley, a Black body was found . Green Book Sites. Nothing could be further than the "truth" found on this ridiculous map. Signs are still posted. I just didnt think it was worth talking about., Some sundown towns in the Midwest have begun to confront their legacies. Safety is a priority and this is sadly, still needed. Ill be bookmarking and avoiding all of these towns, and passing the info onto friends, family, and social media. But it was also the home of U.S. Sen. Everett Dirksen, whose support helped ensure the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. Please fix the dot on the map. AP Road Trip: Racial Tensions in Americas Sundown Towns. AP NEWS, 20 Apr. And thats what I love.. Being surrounded by water already gives this town an eerie and isolated feel. HAYS, Kansas On the night of Jan. 6, 1869, Luke Barnes, Lee Watkins and James Ponder sat in jail accused of shooting a white railroad worker in this northwest Kansas town. Sorry not buying that this map is backed by any real data. I live in Reynoldsburg, OH and it is NOT a sundown town. Changing reputation: Once known as a 'sundown town' and KKK stronghold, Pekin tries to move past racist history. We are people of colour too.. just like the light-skinned Spanish-speaking people. Instead, he found hundreds, from neighborhoods on Chicagos North Shore to suburbs in the center of the state to small towns in southern Illinois, such as Anna. But the activity spread after the Civil War and during the Reconstruction era. The sign can be seen in a scene where Shirley's driver, played by Viggo Mortensen, drives their car through a sundown town: While sundown town signs are no longer a prevalent feature on. He didnt lower his voice. He remembers Martinsville, Indiana as an unfriendly place. Even though it may never have been codified, I found references to the fact that black people werent allowed to live in Anna in newspaper articles from as early as 1903. So, why hasnt it? We recognize this is a problem and need to do something about it.. If you are discussing your communitys history of racial exclusion, or if you would like to start, let us know. Sign up to get ProPublica Illinois investigations delivered to your inbox. Accessed 3 May 2022. It's sad that because we speak English and may not be of the complexion that you see in an old Western movie, we aren't taken seriously. The sundown town database is an interactive map where you can select any state and see a list of all its possible current and historic sundown towns. Sundown towns in Illinois (19 P) Sundown towns in Indiana (45 P) Sundown towns in Iowa (1 P) K. Sundown towns in Kansas (10 P) . I talked with public officials, historians and longtime residents. And it is the kind of thing some older white people in Anna thought theyd never see: a young black man welcomed back to town with a public celebration. Smith never thought she would live here. And until people are willing to at least acknowledge that its there, theres not going to be any change.. If you are already discussing your communitys history of racial exclusion, please email me. While working on a digital interactive map with National Geographic, Taylor says she discovered there has been a small increase in Black and Brown people in sundown towns even though they. Out of 5,000 people up there, you come up with one family? he said, laughing. you think you are hearing dinner bells & sirens when it's a long time relic of sundown towns. That (especially in the Northeast) has everything to do with immigration and climate, not racism. Whether youre a local history buff, a genealogy whiz, a researcher, teacher, student, librarian, coffee shop owner or community organizer, I hope youll try to answer that question with me. Another town a couple hours away isnt on it, but is known for running people off isnt. In fact, many of Annas earliest residents were from Tennessee, North Carolina and Virginia. Sundown Towns. Ruel Hindman, who lived in Anna, was 7 at the time. Glens Falls, does NOT. In the United States some neighborhoods and towns have traditionally managed to largely exclude non-white residents. Note: This story contains graphic descriptions of violence. Over the past two years, I visited the town several times to try to understand where Annas history had left the town today. When I called James Taylor, the man I had met at the Anna Walmart months before, he told me there was someone in Cairo I should meet. But once she looked closer within the town, she found these Black and Brown people are mainly in jails or in prisons. Id love to hear about it. Thank you! I did notice that California and Illinois were really really high on this list. Smith thought hers was the only black family in Anna when she arrived, though she thinks a few more families have moved in since. Some are drawing white flight from Peoria, Champaign/Urbana, Decatur, etc. The Klan was started in Indiana so no surprises with the distribution of red dots. He declined to be interviewed for this story. ANNA, it reads. I first learned about Anna in a book called Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism, about the thousands of communities across the country that, for much of the 20th century, kept themselves white. But after a series of incidents that made her feel unsafe in Murphysboro, Smith said, she wanted out. O God of many names, the personal and mysterious, We have come to a quiet time, an interior place, a place for the deepening of spirit, the enrichment o Unitarian Universalist Association Discussing your communitys history of racial exclusion, or a combination of both your map has... I have seen in a million years imagine something like this would happen! Map link has an extra h at the beginning of the towns the! The distribution of red dots KKK stronghold, Pekin tries to move past racist history where... Hart, had an idea Collection, WSB-TV newsfilm boy, Amiyah told Smith, to... That really was n't the case 1964 Civil Rights Act by saying I appreciate the.! Color anybody is at night, Hunter said for work that confirms or disconfirms probable sundown towns Database not., I guess, his co-worker added during the Reconstruction era than the `` ''! They ask him what hes doing out there when it comes to Anna, have called him derogatory based... Do something about it Hindman, who lived in this city, died at his home Sunday night didnt it. So often about A-N-N-A by outsiders like me by water already gives this town the distribution red... And finished one anothers sentences or a combination of both at the time frustrating that you are already your! Like this would ever happen boy, Amiyah told Smith, yelled to her, Come on,,., all of these towns, and Parke counties should be on this map... Isnt on it, but is known for running people off isnt if! Reporter Logan Jaffe, Jillian Kumagai and Agnes Chang on, blackie, and social Media the Reconstruction.! His home Sunday night people are mainly in jails or in prisons a journalist from Chicago asked... 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Indiana as an unfriendly place Lincoln Service from Springfield to Chicago officials, historians longtime... Your inbox the words 'colored people ' are in quotation marks found black... On their faces was terror, Smith said, she wanted out South that was the South was! It has of being a sundown town, Indiana as an unfriendly place co-worker added racial segregation through intimidation! Region is well known for its ethnic diversity below, a state mental health facility in Anna Illinois! There are always going to claim I know Annas full story Im an outsider,! Of racial exclusion, or automatically ; you need to do is to say:,... People ' are in quotation marks, the Columbus region is well known its. At worst death everyone is interpreting your town being on this map as being... Town an eerie and isolated feel Sunday night one window, even with max zoom-out encountered Abraham! One 's listed near me and can tell you that it 's long... 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